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ObjectiveTo explore the effect of mint juice on the nitrite content in pickled cabbage， and to determine the best concentration of mint juice through comprehensive sensory evaluation. MethodsThe control variates method was used to conduct this single factor experiment. The pickled cabbage processing was divided into five groups， one control group CK， and four experimental groups， Lp100， Lp80， Lp60， Lp40， respectively. The data were analyzed by using test of normality， homogeneity of variance test， ANOVA and multiple comparisons. ResultsThe content of nitrite in the experimental group with mint juice was much lower than that in the control group. During each day， as the concentration of mint juice increased， the removal efficiency also increased and the nitrite content in pickled cabbage decreased， too. When the concentration of mint juice was 100%， the nitrite content in pickled cabbage remained the lowest during 1-5 days of fermentation. On the fifth day of fermentation， the removal efficiency of nitrite in pickled cabbage by mint juice with 100% concentration reached the highest （49.55%）. Adding 60% mint juice to pickled cabbage showed the highest score of 92 in sensory evaluation. ConclusionMint juice can reduce the nitrite content in pickled cabbage and make pickled cabbage a better flavor. Result indicates that 60% mint juice is the best concentration for a comprehensive effect.
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@#BACKGROUND: The study aims to investigate an optimal indicator for changing the filter during the continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). METHODS: Patients with AKI requiring CRRT in an ICU were randomly divided into two groups for crossover trial, i.e., groups A and B. Patients in the group A were firstly treated with continuous veno-venous hemofiltration (CVVH), followed by continuous veno-venous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF). Patients in the group B were firstly treated with CVVHDF followed by CVVH. Delivered doses of solutes with different molecular weights at the indicated time points between groups were compared. A correlation analysis between the delivered dose and pre-filter pressure (PPRE) and transmembrane pressure (PTM) was performed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the accuracy of PTM as an indicator for filter replacement. RESULTS: A total of 50 cases were analyzed, 27 in the group A and 23 in the group B. Delivered doses of different molecular-weight solutes significantly decreased before changing the filter in both modalities, compared with those at the initiation of treatment (all P<0.05). In the late stage of CRRT, the possible rebound of serum medium-molecular-weight solute concentration was observed. PTM was negatively correlated with the delivered dose of medium-molecular-weight solute in both modalities. The threshold for predicting the rebound of serum concentration of medium-molecular-weight solute by PTM was 146.5 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). CONCLUSIONS: The filter can be used as long as possible within the manufacturer's safe use time limits to remove small-molecular-weight solutes. PTM of 146.5 mmHg may be an optimal indicator for changing the filter in CRRT therapies to remove medium-molecular-weight solutes.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the purifying ability of 3 parallel planted filters (PF1, PF2 and PF3) composed of three plants (Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Cyperus papyrus L.) on leachates from a landfill of industrial waste in Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo). This landfill site includes a technical landfill for ordinary industrial waste (OIW) and a technical landfill for hazardous and soiled industrial waste (SIW). In order to assess purifying ability, we sampled 14 samples over 8 weeks, with 7 samples of the raw leachates from the technical landfill center, and 7 samples of leachates cleaned after passing through the tryptic vegetable filter. The physico-chemical analyzes made it possible to determine the following parameters: TOC, COD, NO3-,PO42-, Ni, Cd, CrVI, Zn, Cu and Pb. The results showed a significant decrease in organic pollution with abatement rates in TOC and COD greater than 90%. The average removal efficiency is respectively 45.97% for nitrates and 40.2% for phosphates. The abatement rates for heavy metals range from 41.2% to 60.9% for nickel, from 52.2% to 68.5 % for cadmium, from 49% to 71.7% for chromium VI, from 59% to 74.6% for zinc, from 50.9 % to 65 % for copper and from 61.4% to 75.1% for lead. However, additional analyzes are needed to confirm the hypperaccumulator nature of these plant filters in particular absorption isotherms and kinetics of extraction of heavy metals of Phragmites australis (Cav) Trin ex Steud, Typha latifolia L., Cyperus papyrus L.)
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Research using anaerobic filters as alternative materials to gravel becomes fundamental, especially if they are low cost, accessible and have high efficiency in the treatment of swine wastewater. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of anaerobic filters with different types of support media, as an alternative to gravel, in the treatment of swine wastewater. We carried out the experiment in a completely randomized design. The treatments were composed of anaerobic filters with four different media (gravel, bamboo, luffa sponge and foam), three replications in a time-repeated measurements scheme (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 days post-filter establishment). To determine the efficiency of removal by the filters, we performed analysis of turbidity, total solids, biochemical oxygen demand (bod), total n and total p in the affluent to and effluent from the filters. Among the alternative media, bamboo presented an efficiency of removal of the evaluated attributes similar and, in most cases, superior to gravel. From 60 to 180 days of filter operation, the luffa sponge remained with high turbidity and total solids removals, with the greatest decrease at 240 days of operation. After two months of filter operation, the alternative support media exhibited bod and total n removal similar to that of gravel. At 240 days of operation, the filters containing luffa sponge and bamboo showed the highest total p removal.
Pesquisas utilizando filtros anaeróbios com materiais alternativos à brita tornam-se fundamentais, principalmente se forem de baixo custo, acessíveis e possibilitem elevada eficiência no tratamento de águas residuárias de suinocultura. Objetivou-se avaliar a eficiência de filtros anaeróbios com diferentes tipos de meio suporte, alternativos à brita, no tratamento de águas residuárias da suinocultura. O experimento foi realizado em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, sendo os tratamentos compostos por filtros anaeróbios com quatro diferentes meios suportes (brita, bambu, bucha vegetal e espuma), três repetições em esquema de medidas repetidas no tempo, (0, 60, 120, 180 e 240 dias pós-estabelecimento dos filtros). Para a determinação da eficiência de remoção nos filtros, análises de turbidez, sólidos totais, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio (DBO), N-total e P-total foram realizadas no afluente e no efluente aos filtros. Dentre os meios suportes alternativos, o bambu apresentou eficiências de remoção dos atributos avaliados semelhantes e, na maioria das vezes, superiores à brita. Dos 60 aos 180 dias de operação dos filtros, a bucha vegetal manteve-se com elevadas remoções de turbidez e sólidos totais, tendo o maior decréscimo, aos 240 dias de operação. Após 2 meses de operação dos filtros, os meios suportes alternativos apresentaram remoções de DBO e N-totalsemelhantes à brita. Aos 240 dias de operação, os filtros contendo bucha vegetal e bambu apresentaram as maiores remoções de P-total.
Subject(s)
Anaerobic Filters , WastewaterABSTRACT
A bench-scale biotrickling filter was operated in the laboratory for the treatment of dimethyl sulphide (DMS). The biotrickling filter was packed with pre-sterilized polyurethane foam and seeded with biomass developed from garden soil enriched with DMS. The biotrickling filter was operated for the generation of process parameters. The biotrickling filter could remove an average removal efficiency of 40.95 % at an effective bed contact time of 84 sec with an average loading rate of 0.56 mg/m3/h. Evaluation of microbiological status of the biotrickling filter indicated the presence of other bacterial cultures viz. Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Bacillus megaterium, besides Bacillus sphaericus.
Subject(s)
Bacillus/classification , Bacillus/metabolism , Biomass , Bioreactors , Filtration/methods , Gases , Polyurethanes , Sulfides/chemistryABSTRACT
Objective To study the effect of oxigenated leukodepletion filter(OLF), in order to evaluate its potential value in battlefield trauma application.Methods 12 bags of whole blood were filtered by OLFs, while the other 12 by normal filters,some indexes including ,partial pressure of oxygen(PO 2),O 2 saturation of oxygen(SO 2),HbO 2 WBC,RBC counter and volume of RBC supernatant were measured before and after leukocyte filtration.Results PO 2,SO 2 and HbO 2 increased 57%,51% and 53% respectively after filtration by OLFs, the residual leukocyte count decreased to (3 37?0 54)?10 7 each bag,and the leukocyte clearance rate was (97 52?0 74)%.Conclusions OLF can improve the effect of blood transfusion and reduce some acute transfusion adverse reactions.Thereby,application of the OLF has binefits significantly to heal the wounded patients in battlefield trauma.
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Indoor air cleaner may improve indoor air quality which is closely related to the human health.The removal efficiency is one of important indicators to evaluate indoor air-cleaning devices.The indoor air cleaning techniques and its application were briefly introduced and the technique of evaluating indoor air cleaner for particle removal efficiency including choosing representative experimental particle,evaluation indicator and test rig were reviewed and discussed in the present paper.
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Objective To explore the removal effects of formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood by a formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Methods (1)experiment on removal of formaldehyde in indoor air: 2 newly decorated office rooms were selected, the indoor air was treated by formaldehyde-cleaning agent in one test room, and the other was used as control. After treatment, the concentrations of formaldehyde in two office rooms were measured and compared between them. (2)experiment on the removal effects of formaldehyde in plywood. The plywood samples were selected and divided into two groups, one was treated by formaldehyde- cleaning agent as test group, the other as the control. The emisson of formaldehyde from plywood was measured and compared between two groups. Results The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde in indoor air were 82.94%, 91.43%, 95.69%, at the 24th, 48th, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The formaldehyde concentration in indoor air of test room met the requirement of the national standard after 72h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. The removal efficiencies of formaldehyde emitted from plywood were 84.71%, 90.55%, 90.96% at the 24th, 48h, 72th hour after the treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent respectively. The emission amount of formaldehyde from plywood met the requirement of the national standard after 24h-treatment of formaldehyde-cleaning agent. Conclusion Formaldehyde-clearning agent presented significant removal effects on formaldehyde from indoor air and plywood.